Which concept describes a model of economic development that argues disparities arise from historical power relations in the global economy, rather than natural differences in capability?

• A. Neoliberal Policies
• B. Dependency Theory
• C. World Systems Theory
• D. Structuralist Theory

Answer: (D)

Disparities in development are explained by enduring structures and power relations within the global economy, not by innate differences in capability. This view, structuralist theory, argues that the international system shapes outcomes through its organization, rules, and institutions that favor advanced countries and constrain others. Historical processes like colonialism, unequal trade terms, and capital flows embed advantages for some and disadvantages for others, making development gaps persistent regardless of a country’s effort or talent. The emphasis is on how the global economic order itself creates and sustains inequality, rather than on natural differences in what nations can do.