Which statement best explains depreciation’s effect on profitability and taxation?

• A. Depreciation increases cash flow immediately.
• B. Depreciation has no effect on tax deductions.
• C. Depreciation spreads the cost of an asset over its useful life, reducing reported profits and providing tax deductions.
• D. Depreciation requires no cash outlay and has no impact on finances.

Answer: (C)

Depreciation allocates the cost of an asset over its useful life, so it lowers the period’s reported profits. At the same time, it is a tax-deductible expense, which reduces taxable income and creates a tax shield. This combination means profits appear lower on financial statements, while taxes payable are reduced, improving cash flow over time (even though no cash is spent when depreciation is recorded each period). The initial cash outlay happened when the asset was purchased, not when depreciation is recognized. Statements claiming cash flow increases immediately, or that depreciation has no tax effect or no financial impact, don’t reflect how depreciation works. The essential idea is that spreading cost lowers profits and provides tax deductions.